present tense часи в англійській мові
There are two tenses in English – past and present.
The present tenses in English are used:
- to talk about the present
- to talk about the future
- to talk about the past when we are telling a story in spoken English or when we are summarising a book, film, play etc.
There are four present tense forms in English:
There are four present tense forms in English:
| Present simple: | I work |
|---|---|
| Present continuous: | I am working |
| Present perfect: | I have worked |
| Present perfect continuous: | I have been working |
We use these forms:
- to talk about the present:
He works at McDonald’s. He has worked there for three months now.
He is working at McDonald’s. He has been working there for three months now.
London is the capital of Britain.
He is working at McDonald’s. He has been working there for three months now.
London is the capital of Britain.
- to talk about the future:
The next train leaves this evening at 1700 hours.
I’ll phone you when I get home.
He’s meeting Peter in town this afternoon.
I’ll come home as soon as I have finished work.
You will be tired out after you have been working all night.
I’ll phone you when I get home.
He’s meeting Peter in town this afternoon.
I’ll come home as soon as I have finished work.
You will be tired out after you have been working all night.
- We can use the present tenses to talk about the past...
past tense
The past tense in English is used:
- to talk about the past
- to talk about hypotheses – things that are imagined rather than true.
- for politeness.
There are four past tense forms in English:
Past simple: I worked Past continuous: I was working Past perfect: I had worked Past perfect continuous: I had been working
We use these forms:
- to talk about the past:
He worked at McDonald’s. He had worked there since July..
He was working at McDonald’s. He had been working since July.
- to refer to the present or future in conditions:
He could get a new job if he really tried.
If Jack was playing they would probably win.
and hypotheses:
It might be dangerous. Suppose they got lost.
I would always help someone who really needed help.
and wishes:
I wish it wasn’t so cold.
- In conditions, hypotheses and wishes, if we want to talk about the past, we always use the past perfect:
I would have helped him if he had asked.
It was very dangerous, What if you had got lost?
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month.
- We can use the past forms to talk about the present in a few polite expressions:
Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for York.
I just hoped you would be able to help me.
The past tense in English is used:
- to talk about the past
- to talk about hypotheses – things that are imagined rather than true.
- for politeness.
There are four past tense forms in English:
| Past simple: | I worked |
|---|---|
| Past continuous: | I was working |
| Past perfect: | I had worked |
| Past perfect continuous: | I had been working |
We use these forms:
- to talk about the past:
He worked at McDonald’s. He had worked there since July..
He was working at McDonald’s. He had been working since July.
He was working at McDonald’s. He had been working since July.
- to refer to the present or future in conditions:
He could get a new job if he really tried.
If Jack was playing they would probably win.
If Jack was playing they would probably win.
and hypotheses:
It might be dangerous. Suppose they got lost.
I would always help someone who really needed help.
I would always help someone who really needed help.
and wishes:
I wish it wasn’t so cold.
- In conditions, hypotheses and wishes, if we want to talk about the past, we always use the past perfect:
I would have helped him if he had asked.
It was very dangerous, What if you had got lost?
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month.
It was very dangerous, What if you had got lost?
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month.
- We can use the past forms to talk about the present in a few polite expressions:
Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for York.
I just hoped you would be able to help me.
I just hoped you would be able to help me.
talking about the future
1. When we know about the future we normally use the present tense.
- We use the present simple for something scheduled or arranged:
We have a lesson next Monday.
The train arrives at 6.30 in the morning.
The holidays start next week.
It is my birthday tomorrow.
- We can use the present continuous for plans or arrangements:
I’m playing football tomorrow.
They are coming to see us tomorrow.
We’re having a party at Christmas.
2. We use will to talk about the future:
- When we make predictions:
It will be a nice day tomorrow.
I think Brazil will win the World Cup.
I’m sure you will enjoy the film.
- To mean want to or be willing to:
I hope you will come to my party.
George says he will help us.
- To make offers and promises:
I'll see you tomorrow.
We'll send you an email.
- To talk about offers and promises:
Tim will be at the meeting.
Mary will help with the cooking.
3. We use (be) going to:
- To talk about plans and intentions:
I’m going to drive to work today.
They are going to move to Manchester.
- When we can see that something is likely to happen:
Be careful! You are going to fall.
Look at those black clouds. I think it’s going to rain.
4. We often use verbs like would like, plan, want, mean, hope, expect to talk about the future:
What are you going to do next year? I’d like to go to University.
We plan to go to France for our holidays.
George wants to buy a new car.
5. We use modals may, might, and could when we are not sure about the future:
I might stay at home tonight, or I might go to the cinema.
We could see Mary at the meeting. She sometimes goes.
6. We can use should if we think something is likely to happen:
We should be home in time for tea.
The game should be over by eight o’clock.
7. Clauses with time words:
In clauses with time words like when, after, and until we often use a present tense form to talk about the future:
I’ll come home when I finish work.
You must wait here until your father comes.
They are coming after they have had dinner.
8. Clauses with if:
In clauses with if we often use a present tense form to talk about the future:
We won’t be able to go out if it rains.
If Barcelona win tomorrow they will be champions.
WARNING: We do not normally use will in clauses with if or with time words:
I’ll come home when I will finish work.
We won’t be able to go out if it will rain rains.
But we can use will if it means a promise or offer:
I will be very happy if you will come to my party.
We should finish the job early if George will help us.
9. We can use the future continuous instead of the present continuous or going to for emphasis when we are talking about plans, arrangements and intentions:
They’ll be coming to see us next week.
I will be driving to work tomorrow.
1. When we know about the future we normally use the present tense.
- We use the present simple for something scheduled or arranged:
We have a lesson next Monday.
The train arrives at 6.30 in the morning.
The holidays start next week.
It is my birthday tomorrow.
The train arrives at 6.30 in the morning.
The holidays start next week.
It is my birthday tomorrow.
- We can use the present continuous for plans or arrangements:
I’m playing football tomorrow.
They are coming to see us tomorrow.
We’re having a party at Christmas.
They are coming to see us tomorrow.
We’re having a party at Christmas.
2. We use will to talk about the future:
- When we make predictions:
It will be a nice day tomorrow.
I think Brazil will win the World Cup.
I’m sure you will enjoy the film.
I think Brazil will win the World Cup.
I’m sure you will enjoy the film.
- To mean want to or be willing to:
I hope you will come to my party.
George says he will help us.
George says he will help us.
- To make offers and promises:
I'll see you tomorrow.
We'll send you an email.
We'll send you an email.
- To talk about offers and promises:
Tim will be at the meeting.
Mary will help with the cooking.
Mary will help with the cooking.
3. We use (be) going to:
- To talk about plans and intentions:
I’m going to drive to work today.
They are going to move to Manchester.
They are going to move to Manchester.
- When we can see that something is likely to happen:
Be careful! You are going to fall.
Look at those black clouds. I think it’s going to rain.
Look at those black clouds. I think it’s going to rain.
4. We often use verbs like would like, plan, want, mean, hope, expect to talk about the future:
What are you going to do next year? I’d like to go to University.
We plan to go to France for our holidays.
George wants to buy a new car.
We plan to go to France for our holidays.
George wants to buy a new car.
5. We use modals may, might, and could when we are not sure about the future:
I might stay at home tonight, or I might go to the cinema.
We could see Mary at the meeting. She sometimes goes.
We could see Mary at the meeting. She sometimes goes.
6. We can use should if we think something is likely to happen:
We should be home in time for tea.
The game should be over by eight o’clock.
The game should be over by eight o’clock.
7. Clauses with time words:
In clauses with time words like when, after, and until we often use a present tense form to talk about the future:
I’ll come home when I finish work.
You must wait here until your father comes.
They are coming after they have had dinner.
You must wait here until your father comes.
They are coming after they have had dinner.
8. Clauses with if:
In clauses with if we often use a present tense form to talk about the future:
We won’t be able to go out if it rains.
If Barcelona win tomorrow they will be champions.
If Barcelona win tomorrow they will be champions.
WARNING: We do not normally use will in clauses with if or with time words:
I’ll come home when I will finish work.
We won’t be able to go out if itwill rain rains.
We won’t be able to go out if it
But we can use will if it means a promise or offer:
I will be very happy if you will come to my party.
We should finish the job early if George will help us.
We should finish the job early if George will help us.
9. We can use the future continuous instead of the present continuous or going to for emphasis when we are talking about plans, arrangements and intentions:
They’ll be coming to see us next week.
I will be driving to work tomorrow.
I will be driving to work tomorrow.
ЗНО-2016 розпочнеться 5 травня
Міністерством освіти і науки затверджено Календарний план підготовки та проведення ЗНО в 2016 році, яким визначено дати проведення тестування з кожного навчального предмета, а також дати проведення основних заходів, що супроводжуватимуть проведення тестування у наступному році.
Документом визначено, що випускні шкільні іспити з української мови і літератури, математики та історії України, які в 2016 році будуть проведені у формі ЗНО, і результати яких за бажанням абітурієнтів можуть бути використані для вступу до ВНЗ, відбудуться у травні.
Зокрема, основна сесія ЗНО розпочнеться 5 травня тестуванням з української мови і літератури.
Тестування з математики буде проведено 11 травня, а з історії України - 13 травня.
Оскільки результати тестування із зазначених предметів будуть зараховуватися як державна підсумкова атестація, учасники тестування дізнаються про свої результати до кінця навчального року -26 травня. Український центр оцінювання якості освіти не пізніше 31 травня має надіслати навчальним закладам відомості з результатами атестації випускників за 12-бальною шкалою.
Зовнішнє незалежне оцінювання з інших предметів відбуватиметься після завершення навчального року, у період з 3 до 17 червня. Упродовж цього часу абітурієнти матимуть можливість скласти тести, результати з яких будуть необхідні для вступу до вищих навчальних закладів. Результати тестування абітурієнтів буде визначено до 25 червня.
Проведення додаткової сесії заплановано у період з 14 червня до 4 липня.
Документом визначено, що випускні шкільні іспити з української мови і літератури, математики та історії України, які в 2016 році будуть проведені у формі ЗНО, і результати яких за бажанням абітурієнтів можуть бути використані для вступу до ВНЗ, відбудуться у травні.
Зокрема, основна сесія ЗНО розпочнеться 5 травня тестуванням з української мови і літератури.
Тестування з математики буде проведено 11 травня, а з історії України - 13 травня.
Оскільки результати тестування із зазначених предметів будуть зараховуватися як державна підсумкова атестація, учасники тестування дізнаються про свої результати до кінця навчального року -26 травня. Український центр оцінювання якості освіти не пізніше 31 травня має надіслати навчальним закладам відомості з результатами атестації випускників за 12-бальною шкалою.
Зовнішнє незалежне оцінювання з інших предметів відбуватиметься після завершення навчального року, у період з 3 до 17 червня. Упродовж цього часу абітурієнти матимуть можливість скласти тести, результати з яких будуть необхідні для вступу до вищих навчальних закладів. Результати тестування абітурієнтів буде визначено до 25 червня.
Проведення додаткової сесії заплановано у період з 14 червня до 4 липня.
Дати проведення зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання 2016 року:
Предмет
|
Дата проведення
|
Українська мова і література
|
5 травня (четвер)
|
Математика
|
11 травня (середа)
|
Історія України
|
13 травня (п’ятниця)
|
Російська мова
|
3 червня (п’ятниця)
|
Іспанська мова
|
6 червня (понеділок)
|
Англійська мова
|
7 червня (вівторок)
|
Німецька мова
|
8 червня (середа)
|
Французька мова
|
9 червня (четвер)
|
Біологія
|
10 червня (п’ятниця)
|
Фізика
|
13 червня (понеділок)
|
Географія
|
15 червня (середа)
|
Хімія
|
17 червня (п’ятниця)
|
Немає коментарів:
Дописати коментар